Periodontal Health In Patients Research Articles

Impact of clear aligners on plaque and periodontal health

In recent years, clear aligners have become a well-liked substitute for traditional braces in orthodontic treatment. Examining the effects of clear aligners on periodontal health and plaque accumulation is the goal of this review. To examine pertinent studies that have been published up to this point, a comprehensive evaluation of the literature was carried out. The review includes research on the microbial alterations in tooth plaque composition that occur during clear aligner therapy and the subsequent impact on periodontal tissues. Clear aligners and traditional braces are also compared with respect to how they affect gingival health, periodontal disease prevalence, and oral hygiene practices.In terms of plaque control, the results imply that transparent aligners offer special benefits and challenges. An important factor influencing the microbiological environment in the oral cavity is patient compliance, the type of aligner used, and the subtleties of its design. Moreover, the effect of orthodontic therapies on periodontal health is explored, providing insight into possible associations between the use of clear aligners and periodontal results. By underlining the necessity of individualized oral hygiene management strategies during clear aligner therapy, this review offers orthodontic practitioners’ insightful information. It highlights the need of maintaining periodontal health throughout orthodontic treatment and stresses the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. In summary, this comprehensive review provides an overview of the most recent findings regarding the impact of clear aligners on plaque and periodontal health. By teaching clinicians, researchers, and patients about the subtleties of oral hygiene care during orthodontic treatment, the findings are meant to direct the development of effective strategies for maintaining good periodontal health in patients getting clear aligner therapy.

Oral Health Status and Factors Related to Oral Health in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Matched Case-Control Observational Study.

Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients have disproportionately poor oral health outcomes owing to a multidimensional set of factors, such as pathophysiology of the disease, drug-related adverse effects and lower utilization rate of dental healthcare services. The aim of the present observational study was to compare the indicators of dental and periodontal health in patients with SCZ to those of nonaffected healthy controls; furthermore, the influence of various anamnestic factors and lifestyle habits on oral health status were also assessed. Methods: A total of 50 SCZ patients-in remission-receiving treatment at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, were compared with 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls attending the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged. Participants' dental (decayed, missing and filled surfaces [DMF-S] and decayed, missing and filled teeth [DMF-T]) and periodontal (plaque index [%], bleeding on probing [BOP%], pocket depth [PD] and attachment loss [AL]) status was measured according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results: In total, 74.0%, 80.0% and 78.0% of SCZ patients received second-generation antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers, respectively. Patients with SCZ had significantly higher DMFs (81.30 ± 40.16 vs. 61.64 ± 40.56; p = 0.010), D (8.18 ± 7.73 vs. 4.18 ± 4.22; p < 0.001) and DMF-T (18.20 ± 8.36 vs. 14.42 ± 8.21; p = 0.024) scores but significantly lower F (1.84 ± 0.29 vs. 4.62 ± 3.98; p < 0.001) scores compared to the controls; male subjects had significantly lower DMFs (74.52 ± 39.72 vs. 90.67 ± 39.1; p = 0.020) and DMF-T (16.52 ± 8.12 vs. 20.52 ± 8.32; p = 0.031) scores. Additionally, SCZ patients had significantly higher plaque indices (56.96 ± 23.19 vs. 27.44 ± 17.53; p < 0.001), BOP% (58.96 ± 22.89 vs. 23.56 ± 17.53; p < 0.001), PD (2.84 ± 0.67 vs. 2.19 ± 0.49; p = 0.024) and AL (3.39 ± 1.72 vs. 2.49 ± 0.76; p < 0.001) values compared to controls. Smoking > 10 cigarettes/day was associated with worse dental and periodontal indices, while consuming ≥ 4 units/week of alcohol was associated with worse periodontal indices, respectively (p < 0.05 in all cases). In contrast, coffee consumption rates and vitamin supplementation status had no significant effect on oral health status indicators. Conclusions: Our study highlights the overall poor oral health status of individuals affected by SCZ and the need for targeted preventive interventions.

Effect of mandibular advancement appliance use on oral and periodontal health in patients withOSA: a systematic review.

Use of a mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) is an effective treatment option for mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MAA is well-tolerated but undesirable effects may be observed over time. The present systematic review aimed to assess the effect of MAA use on oral and periodontal health in patients with OSA. MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs, NRCTs), cohorts, and case-control studies reporting on side effects of MAA treatment in OSA patients during a follow-up of at least 6months. From a total of 169 articles screened, 28 were selected. The most frequently reported MAA-related effects on oral health were: hypersalivation (weighted mean prevalence, 33.3%), occlusal changes (30.2%), muscle pain (22.9%), tooth discomfort or pain (20.2%), and xerostomia (18.3%). No MAA-related periodontal effect was reported. The periodontal status prior to MAA treatment was rarely assessed and described, but 5 studies (17.8%) stated that periodontitis was an exclusion criterion for MAA. Only one retrospective study specifically evaluated periodontal parameters and reported no significant changes in periodontally healthy patients withOSA using MAA for over 7years. MAA use is associated with a number of clinical consequences on oral health, but there is no evidence to conclude whether or notMAA affects periodontal health in patients withOSA. This aspect appears to be under-evaluated and should be further investigated in relation to the type of MAA, the duration of treatment, and prior history of periodontitis.

Efficacy of Laser-assisted Periodontal Therapy vs. Conventional Scaling and Root Planing.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of laser-assisted periodontal therapy (LAPT) with conventional scaling and root planing (CSRP) in the treatment of periodontal disease. The objective was to assess the outcomes of these two treatments on a sample of 30 patients in each group. In this study, a total of 60 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease were divided into two groups: the LAPT group and the CSRP group, with 30 patients in each group. The LAPT group received periodontal treatment using laser therapy, while the SRP group underwent traditional SRP. The patients were evaluated for periodontal parameters, including probing depth and clinical attachment level before and after the treatments. After the treatment interventions, both the LAPT group and the CSRP group showed significant improvements in periodontal health. The mean reduction in probing depth was 2.5 mm in the LAPT group and 2.2 mm in the SRP group. In addition, the clinical attachment level increased by 2.8 mm in the LAPT group and 2.5 mm in the SRP group. Statistical analysis using the paired t-test demonstrated a P-value of less than 0.05, indicating the significance of these improvements in both groups. This study suggests that both LAP and CSRP are effective in improving periodontal health in patients with periodontal disease.

Association between periodontal diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Evidence from sequential cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies based on UK Biobank.

To investigate the association between periodontal diseases, airflow limitation and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large-scale prospective UK Biobank cohort. Our approach comprised a cross-sectional study and a prospective cohort. Periodontal diseases were determined based on the participants' self-reported dental symptoms, including painful gums, bleeding gums and loose teeth. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of periodontal diseases with airflow limitation and incident COPD in the cross-sectional study and the prospective cohort, respectively. The cross-sectional study involved 495,610 participants. Multivariable analysis found that periodontal diseases were significantly associated with airflow limitation (odds ratio = 1.036, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015-1.059). The cohort study included 379,266 participants with a median follow-up period of 12.68 years. An elevated risk of incident COPD was associated with the presence of periodontal diseases (hazard ratio: 1.248, 95% CI: 1.174-1.326). The effect was consistent among subgroups, including baseline age (≤65 or >65 years), sex, smoking status and diabetes mellitus. Periodontal diseases are associated with airflow limitation and elevated COPD incidence. Maintaining good periodontal health in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema may help prevent the onset of COPD.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Oral Hygiene Aids in Maintaining Periodontal Health in Patients With Gingivitis.

Background Gingivitis is a common oral health condition characterized by inflammation of the gingiva, which, if left untreated, can progress to more severe forms of periodontal disease. Effective oral hygiene practices play a crucial role in managing gingivitis, but the comparative efficacy of different oral hygiene aids remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various oral hygiene aids in maintaining periodontal health in patients with gingivitis, considering gender and the degree of gingivitis as potential influencing factors. Methods A total of 120 participants with gingivitis were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups, each utilizing a different oral hygiene aid: Group A (toothbrush), Group B (electric toothbrush), Group C (brushing along with the use of an interdental brush), and Group D (brushing along with the use of a water flosser). All participants received toothpaste for use with their respective oral hygiene aids. Periodontal health parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) score, were assessed at baseline and after a specified duration of oral hygiene intervention. Also, the microbial count for Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella species was evaluated. Results No significant differences in periodontal health outcomes were observed between males and females in any of the oral hygiene aid groups. Similarly, no significant differences were found among the mild, moderate, and severe gingivitis groups within each oral hygiene aid group. The microbial count also has no statistical significance except for streptococcus species. These findings indicate that the efficacy of the tested oral hygiene aids was comparable across genders and different degrees of gingivitis. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the tested oral hygiene aids were effective in maintaining periodontal health in patients with gingivitis, irrespective of gender and the degree of gingivitis. These results have implications for oral healthcare professionals in their recommendations to patients regarding oral hygiene practices. However, it is important to consider the limitations of this study, including the relatively small sample size and the specific oral hygiene aids tested.

Effects of professional toothbrushing among patients with gingivitis.

This study aimed to evaluate the biological and clinical effect of professional toothbrushing on the periodontal health of patients with gingivitis. We enrolled 21 university students with gingivitis in Jinju City in this study between April 24 and October 28, 2014. A dental hygienist performed a professional toothbrushing routine on the participants twice, once at baseline and after 3 months. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, 3, and 6 months to assess the periodontal health. The patient hygiene performance index, gingival bleeding rate, periodontal pocket depth, amount of gingival sulcus fluid, and number of bacterial colonies in the gingival sulcus (CFU/mL) were evaluated during the oral examination. The patient hygiene performance index, gingival bleeding rate, pocket depth, amount of gingival sulcus fluid, and CFU/mL within the gingival sulcus significantly decreased after professional toothbrushing (p < 0.05), indicating an improvement in the periodontal health. The patient hygiene performance index, gingival bleeding rate, pocket depth, amount of gingival sulcus fluid, and CFU/mL within the gingival sulcus decreased more among those whose pocket depth was 4-5 mm than among those whose PD was ≤3 mm (p < 0.05). Professional toothbrushing improved the periodontal health in patients with gingivitis in respect of both biological and clinical results.

Pilot Study: The Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with multifactorial aetiology. The relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerotic, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive disorders has been the subject of many studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on periodontal health in patients suffering from periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted with 14 patients. A total of 369 periodontal pockets in the study group and 431 in the control group were examined. For further analysis, the pockets were classified as moderately deep (4-5 mm) and deep (≥6 mm). All patients received standard non-surgical treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP). Additionally, a series of 30 hyperbaric chamber sessions was carried out in the study group. The following parameters were compared between groups: PD (probing depth), CAL (clinical attachment level), and BOP (bleeding on probing). The results of the study showed significantly better results in terms of PD reduction and CAL gain in the study group in comparison to the control group. Both groups showed a reduction in BOP (bleeding on probing) after treatment. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy seems to have considerable benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Application of bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment combined with restoration in patients with anterior esthetics

ABSTRACT To investigate the value of bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment combined with restoration in patients with anterior esthetic restoration. Sixty-two patients requiring esthetic restoration of anterior teeth admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to August 2022 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table, with 31 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with repair, while patients in the observation group were treated with bracketless invisible correction treatment combined with repair. The patients in both groups were treated with repair. After 2 weeks, dental esthetics, periodontal index related parameters, patients’ esthetic acceptance of restorations, and satisfaction were compared. The aesthetic restoration effect of teeth in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in GI, SPD, PLI, and SBI levels before and after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). The acceptance rate of prosthesis aesthetics in the observation group was 100.00%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (83.87%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The satisfaction scores of restoration color, shape and coordination with adjacent teeth in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with simple restorative treatment, combined with bracketless invisible orthodontic treatment helps to further improve the esthetic restoration effect of anterior teeth, has less impact on the periodontal health of patients, and has higher patient acceptance and satisfaction.

Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review.

A literature search was carried out by a reviewer by consulting PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Medline full text, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Science Direct electronic databases for biomedical and health literature as well as the grey literature and setting up the search from December 2010 without any restriction about articles languages. The results showed that patients who wear retainers for a long period have significant differences in clinical parameters compared to patients without retainers. The type of retainer chosen also significantly influences the overall periodontal health of patients. Fixed retainers, both glass-fibre reinforced and steel wire retainers, proved to be the retainer type with the highest plaque and calculus accumulation values compared to removable retainers. In addition, among fixed retainers, glass-fibre reinforced retainers proved to be those that mostly promote the plaque and calculus accumulation in the application site. Fixed retainers are the best devices to maintain the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth in the long term. Among these devices, stainless steel lingual retainers, plain or braided, should remain the first choice. Although they are also susceptible to periodontal complications, their effect on periodontal health can be considered statistically insignificant if compared to glass-fibre reinforced retainers which, showing worse periodontal complications, should not be used.

Effect of Non surgical Periodontal Therapy on Gingival Parameters of Diabetic and Non Diabetic Periodontitis Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study

Introduction: Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) has been an effective treatment for suppression of gingival inflammation and improvement of periodontal health in patients. Periodontitis and diabetes have an inter-relationship with each other. Surgical intervention is not always advisable for periodontitis with patients with diabetes. Hence, assessing the response of non surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic patients can lead to better and non invasive treatment options. Aim: To evaluate the effect of NSPT by observing changes in Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), and volume of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) in diabetic and systemically healthy periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective clinical study conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Rural Dental College, Loni, Maharashtra from January 2021 until June 2022. Total of 90 patients were assessed and were divided into three groups. Group A (n=30) included the patients with healthy periodontium and without any systemic disease. Group B (n=30) included the patients with controlled diabetes, with CAL in ranges of 3-4 mm (stage II periodontitis). Group C (n=30) included the patients who are systemically healthy, with CAL in ranges of 3-4 mm (Stage II periodontitis). Clinical parameters including GI, PI, Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), CAL and volume of GCF were evaluated at baseline. NSPT was performed and parameters were evaluated after three months and then compared with baseline. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics as mean, SD, percentage etc. Results: Total of 90 patients were included, among which 44 were male patients and 46 were females, within the age range of 18- 60 years. Patients were grouped 30 each in all three groups A, B and C with mean age 39.60±7.89, 45.70±10.02 and 43.90±9.64 respectively. The sites of group B showed statistically significant improvement in PPD at three months (1.80±0.76) compared to group C. Sites of group B also showed significant improvement in GI (1.46±0.45). There was no significant difference in the improvements of PI, Volume of GCF and CAL between group B and C at three months. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated marked improvements in the clinical parameters and their outcomes when the systemically healthy periodontitis patients and diabetic patients are treated with NSPT.

Effects of Multibracket Orthodontic Treatment versus Clear Aligners on Periodontal Health: An Integrative Review.

Objective: This integrative review aimed to identify studies comparing the periodontal health in patients wearing multibracket orthodontic appliances and clear aligners. Materials and methods: An integrative literature search was performed through different databases, PubMed/Medline, PMC, and the Cochrane Library. This work was submitted to a search strategy following the PICO method and included the focus question: “Could the chosen orthodontic appliance change significantly the oral hygiene of the patient, impairing the periodontal health?” This work included analytical and controlled studies on humans published between 2005 and 2020, in the English language, establishing a comparison of the periodontal status in patients undergoing orthodontic multibracket and clear aligners therapies. The main periodontal indexes assessed were plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BoP). Results: The electronic research displayed 386 articles on PMC, 106 on PubMed, and 40 on the Cochrane Library. After removal, just 25 articles were selected for full-text screening, but just eight studies were eligible for this integrative review. It was enumerated that 204 patients were treated with aligners and 294 with multibracket orthodontic appliances, mainly elastomeric ligated brackets. Only the plaque index displayed a significant difference between the two groups and general data obtained showed a better control for periodontal health in the clear aligners. Limitations such as age, malocclusion severity, therapeutic choice, and different time measure was observed. In addition, the oral hygiene instruction and follow-up by a professional were different, and the role of malocclusion was not present in the studies. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, better results for periodontal health were found in the clear aligners. Therefore, more studies are necessary to affirm that aligners are synonymous with better gingival conditions in comparison with multibracket appliances. Other variables such as oral hygiene instructions, motivation, and supportive treatment tend to be more prevalent than the type of appliance itself in the periodontal evaluation.

Increased nociceptive sensitivity is associated with periodontal inflammation and expression of chronic pain genes in gingival tissues of male rats

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory response, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (HCN2), and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) 9.1 channel expression in rats with paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain-like behavior. MethodsSixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into two groups: control and paclitaxel-induced pain (PTX). The attachment loss and inflammatory cell infiltrate levels were analyzed histometrically and immunohistochemically. The gene expression of HCN2 and KCNS1 was analyzed by qPCR in the brain and gingival tissues. ResultsThe attachment loss and prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly higher in the PTX group than in the control groups. In gingival tissues; the expression levels of HCN2 (p = 0,0011) were significantly higher and KCNS1 (p = 0,0003) were significantly lower in the PTX group than in the control groups. ConclusionIncreased nociceptive sensitivity, may play a role in periodontal inflammation. KCNS1 may decrease and HCN2 expression may increase in periodontium in permanent chronic pain states. The results of the present study may be helpful in developing new approaches to alleviate pain and maintain periodontal health in patients suffering from orofacial pain.

Dental Status and Periodontal Health of Patients with Phenylketonuria in Latvia.

ObjectivesPhenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of phenylalanine metabolism resulting from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental status and periodontal health of PKU patients in Latvia.Material and MethodsForty-five PKU patients and age/sex-matched controls were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Their anamnestic data, periodontal health and dental status were assessed by one experienced dentist.ResultsDental and periodontal clinical evaluation revealed that the median number of filled teeth was significantly smaller among PKU patients compared to the control group (p=0.021). PKU patients had a significantly larger median number of carious teeth than their healthy counterparts (p<0.001). Significant differences between the PKU and control groups were observed for several oral hygiene indices (p<0.001): Silness-Löe plaque index, OR=29.3 (95% CI: 3.7–232.4); CPITN index, OR=35.2 (95% CI: 4.5–278.3); Greene-Vermillion index, OR=10.2 (95% CI: 2.8–38.0); calculus removal necessity, OR=12.3 (95% CI: 3.3–45.4).ConclusionDental status and periodontal health of PKU patients was found to be significantly inferior compared to healthy controls. This is likely due to the regular consumption of PKU formula and the difficulties which mentally and/or physically disabled PKU patients experience with their oral hygiene. To prevent tooth decay and periodontal disease, PKU patients should visit a professional oral hygienist every three to six months. Furthermore, they should adopt the habit of rinsing their mouth with water immediately after consuming PKU formula to counteract the acidity in their oral cavity.

EFFICACY OF 67% SODIUM BICARBONATE TOOTHPASTE FOR PLAQUE AND GINGIVITIS CONTROL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Previous studies demonstrated a dose-dependent efficacy of sodium bicarbonate when added to dentifrices for the mechanical control of dental biofilm. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a 67% sodium bicarbonate-based toothpaste for gingival health parameters improvement in subjects with gingivitis. An electronic search on MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), was performed using a combination of keywords, followed by a hand search on pertinent Journals. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies in English language were included. There was no publication date and language restriction. The data regarding gingival, bleeding, and plaque index were extracted from the selected studies. Included studies underwent risk-of-bias assessment. When at least 3 studies reporting the same outcome were found, a meta-analysis was undertaken, to estimate the combined effect. Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) was also performed to evaluate the power of the meta-analysis for primary outcomes. The search strategy yielded 83 articles. After screening, 7 RCTs were included. Three were at high risk, one at moderate risk, and 3 at low risk-of-bias. Significant improvement of gingival index, bleeding index, and plaque index was observed in patients using 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste as compared with control subjects. TSA showed sufficient power for modified Gingival index and bleeding scores. The clinical use of 67% sodium bicarbonate toothpaste can improve periodontal health in patients with gingivitis.

Periodontal Health in Patients with Self-Ligating Brackets: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Background and objectives: The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the available evidence from human clinical studies of using self-ligating brackets compared to conventional brackets in maintaining periodontal health. Materials and methods: The protocol details were registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022302689). This review was performed under the PRISMA guidelines. The electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature databases, as well as manual searches to find relevant articles published until January 2022. The inclusion criteria consisted of human clinical studies which reported the use of fixed orthodontic treatment with self-ligating brackets (SLBs) or conventional brackets (CBs) in maintaining periodontal health. Results: A total of 453 studies were imported into the Covidence Platform from the databases. Of these, six articles met the inclusion criteria. For plaque index, statistical significance was achieved for SLBs compared to CBs (0.31 (95% CI (0.15 to 0.48), p = 0.0001). For gingival index, probing depth and bleeding on probing no statistical significance was achieved. None of the included studies assessed clinical attachment level. Conclusions: The present systematic review with meta-analysis was considered to provide relevant data on periodontal health during orthodontic treatment in patients with SLBs in comparison with patients wearing CBs. Our findings indicated that SLBs are not superior to CBs in terms of periodontal health.

The Impact of Orthodontic fixed appliance and clear plastic aligner in periodontal health; A comparative clinical study

Objective: To find out the periodontal health of patients with fixed orthodontic and clear aligner treatment with a follow-up of three months supportive periodontal therapy. Study Setting: After receiving approval from the hospital's ethical committee the study was conducted at Department of Dentistry Faryal Dental College, Sheikhupura from September 2021 to February 2022. Material and Methods: For this study 40 individuals were selected and divided them into 2 different groups regarding age and mode of treatment. In Group E, 20 individuals were of age in between 15-30 years and they used multi-bracket fixed therapy while in Group F, 20 individuals of age in between 15- 30 years were used treatment with clear aligners. Results: Results of current study were significant (P &lt; 0.05) regarding logistic regression model of descriptive statistics of dependent variables measured for periodontal therapy after 3 month follow-up respectively. Percentage standard mean deviation (Mean±SD) levels of recovery rate, patient compliance, probing depth, plaque index, bleeding on probing and gingival recession for fixed appliance brackets and clear aligners were (56.21± 11.11, 31.14± 11.11, 13.04± 10.01, 26.10± 3.10, 15.21± 10.12, 01.12± 13.11),( 59.22± 1.01, 43.11± 01.10, 14.01± 11.21, 22.10± 3.10, 6.11± 10.11, 06.12± 14.11) noted respectively. Conclusion: The results of current study were significant (P &lt; 0.05) regarding logistic regression model of descriptive statistics of dependent variables measured for periodontal therapy after 3 month follow-up respectively. Patient compliance with clear aligner treatment was higher than fixed appliance brackets. Key words: Fixed orthodontic appliance, clear aligner, periodontal diseases

Association between periodontal care and hospitalization with acute myocardial infarction

BackgroundEach year there are 800,000 myocardial infarctions in the United States. There is an increased risk of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for those with periodontal disease. Yet, there is a paucity of knowledge about downstream care of AMI and how this varies with periodontal care status. The authors' aim was to examine the association between periodontal care and AMI hospitalization and 30 days after acute care. MethodsUsing the MarketScan database, the authors conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients with both dental insurance and medical insurance in 2016 through 2018 who were hospitalized for AMI in 2017. ResultsThere were 2,370 patients who had dental and medical coverage for 2016 through 2018 and received oral health care in 2016 through 2017 and had an AMI hospitalization in 2017. Forty-seven percent received regular or other oral health care, 7% received active periodontal care, and 10% received controlled periodontal care. More than one-third of patients (36%) did not have oral health care before the AMI hospitalization. After adjusting for patient characteristics, we found that patients in the controlled periodontal care group were significantly more likely to have visits during the 30 days after AMI hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.47; P = .02). ConclusionsWe found that periodontal care was associated with more after AMI visits. This suggests that there is a benefit to incorporating oral health care and medical care to improve AMI outcomes. Practical ImplicationsNeeding periodontal care is associated with more favorable outcomes related to AMI hospitalization. Early intervention to ensure stable periodontal health in patients with risk factors for AMI could reduce downstream hospital resource use.

Comparative evaluation of subgingival irrigation with propolis extract versus chlorhexidine as an adjunct to scaling and root planing for the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background:This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of subgingival irrigation with propolis extract compared to chlorhexidine as an adjunct to mechanical debridement to bring out the restoration of periodontal health in patients with chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods:Twenty subjects were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of ten subjects each, which received subgingival irrigation with 0.2% chlorhexidine (control group) and propolis extract (test group) after initial scaling and root planing on the 7th day and 15th day as an adjunctive treatment. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were assessed at baseline, on the 15th day, and on the 30th day. Microbial analysis for the colony-forming unit (CFU) was done at baseline and on the 30th day.Results:Statistically significant reduction was observed in PI, GI, PPD, and CFU counts from baseline to 30 days in both the groups. On intergroup comparison, the group received irrigation with chlorhexidine showed slightly better results; however, this difference was statistically nonsignificant compared to the group that received irrigation with propolis.Conclusions:It was concluded that propolis extract is as effective as chlorhexidine as a subgingival irrigant in reducing the subgingival plaque formation and microbiota from periodontal pockets.

Some thoughts on retainers: A narrative reflection

• Retention is a fundamental part of orthodontic treatment. • Various complications are associated with orthodontic retention. • Retention follow-up helps assess and avoid potential complications. Predetermination of retention goals is as critical as the achievement of biomechanical objectives of dentoskeletal movements. The purpose of the present study was to narratively review the significance and potential complications associated with orthodontic retention. The focus of the present narrative overview was to identify studies addressing the significance and potential complications associated with orthodontic retention. The literature was retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches and authoritative texts using combinations of the following keywords: (1) orthodontic, (2) orthodontic relapse, (3) orthodontic treatment, (4) retention, (5) tooth movement, (6) dental, (7) skeletal, (8) fixed retention, (9) Essix retainer, (10) vacuum-formed retainer, (11) Hawley retainer, (12) periodontal disease, (13) plaque retention, (14) caries; (15) compliance, (16) cost-effectiveness, (17) oral lesions, (18) fenestration, (19) gingival recession, and (20) inadvertent tooth movement. Original studies and review articles were independently screened and read by the authors to retrieve the relevant data. The present review mainly summarized the relevant data. Retention is a fundamental part of orthodontic treatment. Various complications have been reported during the retention phase of orthodontic treatment, such as poor patient compliance, soft tissue lacerations, and retainer fracture. Fixed orthodontic retainers have also been associated with compromised periodontal health in patients with inadequate oral hygiene and plaque control and may lead to inadvertent tooth movement and formation of bone dehiscence or fenestration. Orthodontic retention plays a pivotal role in the long-term maintenance of the achieved orthodontically-induced tooth movements. Patient compliance, daily oral hygiene maintenance, and routine follow-up visits may contribute toward the overall success of orthodontic treatment and generalized oral health.